The Body Finisher Woodworker, Upholsterer, Painter, And Glassworker - TM 10-455 War Department Technical Manual

1. General. — a. Woodworking. — (1) Many modern passenger automobiles have no wood in their body construction, but most Army trucks are built with wooden sills, troop seats, and bows. Considerable wood is still used also in the bodies of special-purpose vehicles produced in small numbers. Wood is often used also for seat cushion frames, both new and replacement.

(2) Although used only to a limited extent in motor vehicle body construction, wood is a basic material throughout industry, and carpentry is a fundamental mechanical trade. Section II has been designed, therefore, as a complete elementary text on woodworking, including the selection of wood and the use of hand tools as well as the more common power tools.

h. Upholstering. — In the Army as well as in commercial motor vehicle maintenance, upholstering includes repairing and replacing seat cushions and trim, as well as covers (paulins), curtains, and the like.

o. Repainting complete motor vehicles, or parts that have been repaired or replaced, is one of the commonest of repair and maintenance jobs. A body painter must understand the latest and most efficient repainting methods.

2. Glossary. — The following terms are defined as they are used in this manual. Become familiar with them and refer to the list whenever in doubt about a definition.

Acute (angle). — Less than 90°.

Arhor. — A. shaft or spindle for holding a wheel or a cutting tool.

Bias. — A diagonal line of cut, seam, or stitching across a fabric.

Bur (rivet). — K small washer put on head of a rivet before it is peened over.

Cambium. — The tissue just inside the inner bark of a tree trunk or limb, which gives rise to the growth of new wood.

CeVs (wood). — A general term for the minute units of wood structure. Compressive. — Pertaining to pressing together, or squeezing.

Force. — The action that one body exerts upon another to change its motion or shape. Forces between bodies are always equal in amount and opposite in direction. They are usually measured in pounds. Fu/ngi. — Microscopic plants that feed on wood and cause stain, mold, and rot.

Chain (wood). — The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in wood.

CruUet (saw). — The space between the tips of adjacent saw teeth. Laminated. — Made up of layers.

Member. — Any essential part of a structure or machine.

Mortise. — A cavity cut into a piece of wood or other material to receive a tenon.

Peen. — (1) The hemispherical, round-edged, or sharp end of the head of a hammer opposite to the face.

(2) To draw, bend, or flatten by hammering with the peen.

Ply. — A. thickness or layer.

Radial. — Originating from or acting upon a common center, as the spokes in a wheel.

Ratchet. — A mechanism having a toothed wheel which a reciprocating pawl (pivoted tongue or sliding bolt) engages to turn it forward, or a stationary pawl engages to hold it from turning backward. Rays (wood). — Strips of cells extending radially within a tree and varying in height from a few cells in some species to 4 inches or more in oak. The rays serve primarily to store food and carry it horizontally in the tree. Sometimes called “'medullary rays.”

Sap. — All the fluids in a tree except special secretions and excretions, such as gum.

Scribe. — To scratch with a pointed instrument, such as a scriber or a pair of dividers.

Stress. — The exterior forces on a body or the interior forces resisting th . Also the interior or “locked up” forces within a body ex-. erted by adjacent parts of the body.

Tangent. — A straight line touching any curve, and perpendicular to the radius of curvature at the point of contact.

Tenon. — A.

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